Liver Injury Repair and Regeneration: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

ABSTRACT The liver possesses a remarkable regenerative capacity to restore tissue integrity and physiological function following acute injury. However, this endogenous repair potential is gradually impaired in chronic liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and hepatic fibrosis. These disorders frequently lead to persistent inflammation and progressive hepatic dysfunction. Our incomplete understanding of the mechanisms behind pathological liver regeneration limits the development of new regenerative therapies. This review summarizes recent advances in liver regeneration across temporal, cellular, metabolic, and interorgan communication aspects. It describes the dynamic features of different regenerative phases and emphasizes the regulatory roles of non‐parenchymal cells within the regenerative niche. We also outline promising translational strategies, including molecular‐targeted therapy, cell‐based therapy, liver tissue engineering, and nanocarrier delivery systems. This review links basic mechanistic findings to clinical translation, discusses key existing research challenges, and offers useful insights for developing precision therapeutics for liver regeneration.