Causal-set links see light-cone focusing

One of the simplest observables in a causal set is the number of links ending at a given element. For Poisson sprinklings of Minkowski space, Rideout and Zohren showed that the number of links to the tip of a causal diamond grows like the area of the diamond's edge in units of the discreteness scale, and left curved spacetime open. We give the answer for small causal diamonds in curved spacetime, in every dimension d ≥ 3. At leading order in the sprinkling density, the links of the tip lie in a thin collar along its past light cone, and their expected number is an explicit integral of Jacobi-field data along the cone's null generators. In four dimensions the result is the edge area plus null focusing. The first curvature correction is a positively weighted integral of R_kk along each generator, and unlike the four-dimensional edge area it depends on the observer's frame. In vacuum the leading correction comes from shear: for a diamond of proper height T, the angle-averaged relative excess is (17/50400) T⁴ (E_ij E^ij + B_ij B^ij), proportional to the Bel–Robinson density. The same light-cone integral governs every statistic of interval sizes whose Poisson transform decays like z^(−p) with p > 2/d, including scale-averaged links obtained by random thinning, up to one Mellin constant per statistic. For the Benincasa–Dowker–Glaser kernels this constant vanishes. Finally, link counts self-average: in flat four-dimensional diamonds their variance is O(√n) for n expected elements, and in small curved diamonds their relative fluctuations still vanish. The file code.zip contains Python scripts that reproduce every number in Sections 2–7 and Figures 1–2, together with the output of each run (see README.md inside the archive).

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23851814
Primary Topic
Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
preprint

Causal-set links see light-cone focusing

Thomas G Hamilton
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
preprint

Causal-set links see light-cone focusing

Thomas G Hamilton
preprint en

Abstract

One of the simplest observables in a causal set is the number of links ending at a given element. For Poisson sprinklings of Minkowski space, Rideout and Zohren showed that the number of links to the tip of a causal diamond grows like the area of the diamond's edge in units of the discreteness scale, and left curved spacetime open. We give the answer for small causal diamonds in curved spacetime, in every dimension d ≥ 3. At leading order in the sprinkling density, the links of the tip lie in a thin collar along its past light cone, and their expected number is an explicit integral of Jacobi-field data along the cone's null generators. In four dimensions the result is the edge area plus null focusing. The first curvature correction is a positively weighted integral of R_kk along each generator, and unlike the four-dimensional edge area it depends on the observer's frame. In vacuum the leading correction comes from shear: for a diamond of proper height T, the angle-averaged relative excess is (17/50400) T⁴ (E_ij E^ij + B_ij B^ij), proportional to the Bel–Robinson density. The same light-cone integral governs every statistic of interval sizes whose Poisson transform decays like z^(−p) with p > 2/d, including scale-averaged links obtained by random thinning, up to one Mellin constant per statistic. For the Benincasa–Dowker–Glaser kernels this constant vanishes. Finally, link counts self-average: in flat four-dimensional diamonds their variance is O(√n) for n expected elements, and in small curved diamonds their relative fluctuations still vanish. The file code.zip contains Python scripts that reproduce every number in Sections 2–7 and Figures 1–2, together with the output of each run (see README.md inside the archive).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon
Causal-set links see light-cone focusing — Thomas G Hamilton · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS