Prevalence, Knowledge, and Determinants of Non-Communicable Diseases among Women of Reproductive Age in Ilorin-West Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria: A Cross- Sectional Study

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are an increasing public health concern in Nigeria, including among women of reproductive age. However, local evidence on the prevalence of NCDs and women’s knowledge of their associated risk factors remains limited. This study assessed the prevalence, knowledge of NCDs and sociodemographic determinants of NCDs knowledge among women of reproductive age in Ilorin West Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods A facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 608 consenting women of reproductive age attending selected healthcare facilities in Ilorin West LGA from July to November 2025. Participants were recruited using multistage sampling. Data were collected with a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire in English and Yoruba. NCD knowledge was measured using an 11-item index and classified as good, fair, or poor. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, chi-square tests assessed associations, and multivariable logistic regression identified predictors of good NCD knowledge. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results The respondents were predominantly aged 25–34 years (38.5%), married (53.5%), Muslim (77.6%), and had tertiary education (52.0%). Overall, 35.4% had at least one NCDs. The mean knowledge-index score was 9.55 ± 2.30 out of 11. Most respondents 79.4% had good knowledge, while 11.7% and 8.9% had fair and poor knowledge, respectively. Knowledge level was significantly associated with occupation (p < 0.001), education (p < 0.001), and religion (p < 0.001). In the adjusted model, tertiary education (AOR] = 3.66, 95% CI: 2.04–6.57; p < 0.001), artisan occupation (AOR = 3.39, 95% CI: 1.64–7.00; p = 0.001), and monthly income of at least ₦70,000 (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 2.16–7.84; p < 0.001) were independently associated with good knowledge. Average monthly income was the single strongest independent positive predictor of good NCD knowledge Conclusion NCDs prevalence was substantial among women of reproductive age in Ilorin West LGA despite generally high knowledge levels. Educational attainment, occupation, and income were important determinants of NCDs knowledge. Integrating routine NCDs screening into reproductive health services and implementing culturally appropriate health education and targeted interventions for low-income and less-educated women may improve early detection and prevention.