Patterns of Coronary Artery Dominance among the Adult Population of Chattogram, Bangladesh

Background: Coronary artery dominance determines the blood supply to the diaphragmatic surface of the heart and influences the severity and prognosis of myocardial infarction. Knowledge of dominance patterns is essential for interventional cardiologists and cardiac surgeons. Population-specific data on coronary dominance are lacking in Bangladesh. Purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and patterns of coronary artery dominance (right, left, and co-dominance) among adult Bangladeshi population by coronary angiography and to examine the association of dominance pattern with sex and age. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023 at the Department of Anatomy, Chittagong Medical College and Cath-lab units of CMCH and three private hospitals in Chattogram. A total of 140 adult Bangladeshi participants (47 males, 93 females; mean age 49.99±11.48 years, range 22–80 years) with normal coronary angiograms were included. Dominance was determined by identifying the artery giving rise to the Posterior Descending Artery (PDA) and Posterolateral Ventricular (PLV) branches. Association of dominance with sex was tested by Chi-square test, association with age group by Chi-square test and association with age as a continuous variable by Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Right dominance was observed in 107 participants (76.4%), left dominance in 16 (11.4%) and co-dominance in 17 (12.2%). The 40–49 years age group was the most represented (31.4%) group. Right dominance was the most prevalent pattern in both sexes. No significant association was found between dominance pattern and sex (Chi[1]square, p 0.92 (NS)) or age group (Chi-square, p 0.86 (NS)). Mean age did not differ significantly across dominance groups (Kruskal-Wallis H=3.317, P 0.19 (NS)). Conclusion: Right coronary dominance is the predominant pattern in the adult Bangladeshi population of Chattogram. Neither sex nor age showed a statistically significant association with coronary artery dominance pattern. These findings contribute to normative anatomical data for Bangladeshis and have implications for cardiac surgical planning and risk stratification. IAHS Medical Journal Vol 9(1), June 2026; 57-61