Persistent left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium presenting as secondary polycythaemia: a case report

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare vascular anomaly which is often asymptomatic yet is potentially life-threatening in cases of abnormal drainage. We present the case of a 46-year-old male experiencing acute dyspnoea attributed to PLSVC. PLSVC, often accompanied by a right superior vena cava, may lead to systemic complications such as hypoxia, cyanosis, and paradoxical embolism. Surgical intervention may be warranted in symptomatic cases. This report underscores the importance of considering PLSVC in differential diagnoses of acute respiratory distress, particularly in individuals with unexplained polycythaemia. Heightened clinical awareness and timely management are crucial in mitigating potential complications associated with this vascular anomaly. Keywords: Vena cava, superior; Vascular malformations; Tomography, X-ray Computed; Hypoxia; Dyspnoea.