Pengaruh Penerapan Green Economy dan Etika Bisnis Islam terhadap Keberlanjutan Usaha Tani Hortikultura di Kabupaten Ponorogo

Global food insecurity and environmental degradation in highland agricultural areas highlight the importance of sustainable horticultural farming. This study examines the relationships between green economy practices, Islamic business ethics, and horticultural farm sustainability in Pudak District, Ponorogo Regency, Indonesia. Addressing limited farm-level evidence integrating ecological practices and transaction ethics, the study employed a quantitative explanatory approach using a cross-sectional survey. Data were obtained from 170 active horticultural farmers selected through purposive sampling using a seven-point Likert questionnaire. Following a pilot study involving 30 farmers, the instrument was reduced from 20 to 17 items. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with 5,000 bootstrap subsamples. One additional indicator was removed during measurement model evaluation. The findings indicate that green economy practices, including water efficiency, environmentally friendly pest and weed control, and agricultural waste management, are positively associated with farm sustainability (β = 0.384; t = 3.417; p < 0.001). Islamic business ethics, reflected in honesty, trustworthiness, and fairness in transactions, demonstrate a stronger positive association (β = 0.496; t = 4.696; p < 0.001). Together, both constructs explain 70.4% of the variance in farm sustainability (R² = 0.704; p < 0.001). These findings emphasize the complementary roles of environmental stewardship and ethical trading in supporting economic, social, and ecological sustainability. Given the cross-sectional, self-reported data, causal interpretations remain limited. Local government support for ecological farming and Village-Owned Enterprises' facilitation of transparent marketing are recommended as potential policy directions. Further longitudinal research is needed to assess lasting outcomes.