Assessment of Body Mass Index (BMI) in Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the most severe form of ischemic heart disease. It is a leading cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Diabetic patients have 2 to 3 times increased risk of coronary artery disease as compared to the non-diabetic. The causes for it are multiple, which include dyslipidemia, hypertension and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess body mass index in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2018 to June 2019. Total study subjects were ninety-five of both genders selected from the admitted patients of the cardiology department of the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka. Diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome was confirmed by cardiologist. on the basis of history, physical examination, ECG findings and Troponin I levels. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was confirmed by Fasting Plasma Glucose & HbA1c level. Study subjects were grouped, acute coronary syndrome with diabetes mellitus as Group A and acute coronary syndrome without diabetes mellitus as Group B. Baseline parameters was recorded in data collection sheet. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the study subjects were measured and recorded. Body weight in kilogram and height in meter of all study subjects was measured and recorded. Body Mass Index (BMI) is calculated by formula kg/m2. In our study, in group A 60% of the study subjects have normal BMI (18.5-24.9), 26% are overweight (BMI, 25-29.9), 14% obese (BMI, ≥30) and in group B 80 % have normal BMI, 18% are overweight, 2% obese. Mean BMI in group A (25.07 ± 4.96) was significantly higher than group B (22.83 ± 2.93), (p=.007). HbA1c, Troponin-I level, fasting plasma glucose of all study subjects were analyzed and recorded. Mean HbA1c level of the study subjects in Group A (8.26 ± 1.18) was significantly higher than Group B (4.97 ± 0.61), (p=0.001). Mean Troponin-I level in Group A (3.84 ± 6.07) was also significantly higher than Group B (1.98 ± 2.64), (p=0.023). The present study demonstrated significant abnormality of body mass index in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome.