Status Gizi Ibu Selama Kehamilan Sebagai Determinan Stunting Dan Early Childhood Caries Pada Anak Usia 12–59 Bulan Di Kabupaten Sidoarjo

Stunting and early childhood caries (ECC) remain major health problems among young children in Indonesia. Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy influences fetal growth and the formation of primary tooth enamel, yet evidence that examines maternal nutrition, stunting, and ECC within the same population remains limited.The aim of this research is to analyse the association between maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, assessed by mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and the occurrence of stunting and ECC among children aged 12–59 months in Sidoarjo Regency. This analytic observational study used a cross-sectional design with retrospective maternal record tracing and involved 103 mother–child pairs recruited from community health posts (Posyandu). First-trimester MUAC was obtained from the Maternal and Child Health (KIA) book, and MUAC <23.5 cm was classified as chronic energy deficiency (CED). Stunting was defined as a height-for-age Z-score below −2 SD according to the WHO Child Growth Standards, and ECC as a deft score ≥1. Data were analysed using the chi-square and binary logistic regression adjusted for child age and sex. CED was identified in 14.6% of mothers. The prevalence of stunting was 20.8% (n=101) and that of ECC was 63.1%, with a mean deft of 3.50 ± 3.80 dominated by the decayed component. Stunting was more frequent among children of mothers with CED (46.7% vs 16.3%; p=0.014; adjusted OR 6.83; 95% CI 1.54–30.25). Maternal CED was not associated with ECC (p=0.153; adjusted OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.28–3.76), whereas older child age was (adjusted OR 1.06 per month; 95% CI 1.02–1.11). Stunting and ECC were not significantly associated (p=0.447), and mediation analysis showed no significant indirect effect of maternal CED on ECC through stunting. Maternal CED during pregnancy was associated with stunting in children aged 12–59 months, whereas no direct association with ECC was found. Maternal nutritional status may influence ECC indirectly through impaired enamel formation and child growth, but this pathway was not statistically demonstrated and requires confirmation in cohort studies.