A cohort study on Mullerian anomalies, from diagnosis to intervention and the outcome: a 10-years institutional cohort

Introduction Mullerian duct anomalies are a combination of variations of complete/ partial structural defects in the development of Mullerian ducts, forming the major portion of the female reproductive system. Objective We aimed to study the various clinical presentations, treatments, and outcomes of Müllerian duct anomalies. The primary purpose was to study the clinical presentation of patients, and the secondary objective was to study the required treatment and its success in patients with case-specific Müllerian duct anomalies. Materials and methods This cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care health center in a single unit from January 2016 to December 2025. The study included all patients fulfilling the criteria of ASRM MAC 2021. 137 patients were observed for their clinical presentation, diagnosis, clinical categorization, and treatment received. The main outcome was measured in terms of improved symptoms, regularity of menses, conception, and adequate vaginal length in defined patients. Results The presenting symptoms varied from dysmenorrhea (18.97%) to urinary retention (2.18%) among adolescents, and subfertility (29.92%), to dyspareunia (2.91%) in the reproductive age group. In 64.96% of cases, reconstructive surgery was undertaken. The successful outcome was measured as adequate vaginal length (5.21+/−1.90 cm), pregnancy (35 out of 64), and symptomatic treatment of dysmenorrhea/dyspareunia further reducing the incidence of early endometriosis were seen following corrective surgeries. One hysterectomy has been performed to date; hence, the approach is highly recommended. Conclusion Menstruation at menarche does not rule out anomalies. The holistic approach, though difficult, has resulted in successful outcomes that have helped reduce their life challenges by bringing positive results.