A Hadamard matrix with growth factor greater than its order

It has long been conjectured that the growth factor of a completely pivoted Hadamard matrix is equal to its order. In this paper, we construct a row and column permutation of the Sylvester Hadamard matrix of order $4096$ that is completely pivoted and has growth factor $4608=(9/8)4096$, disproving the conjecture. This construction can be extended to give a completely pivoted Hadamard matrix of order $2^d$ with growth factor $(9/8)2^d$ for every integer $d\ge12$.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-11-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23871096
Primary Topic
Matrix Theory and Algorithms
Type
preprint
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preprint

A Hadamard matrix with growth factor greater than its order

Matias Andia
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Matrix Theory and Algorithms
preprint

A Hadamard matrix with growth factor greater than its order

Matias Andia
preprint en

Abstract

It has long been conjectured that the growth factor of a completely pivoted Hadamard matrix is equal to its order. In this paper, we construct a row and column permutation of the Sylvester Hadamard matrix of order $4096$ that is completely pivoted and has growth factor $4608=(9/8)4096$, disproving the conjecture. This construction can be extended to give a completely pivoted Hadamard matrix of order $2^d$ with growth factor $(9/8)2^d$ for every integer $d\ge12$.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Princeton University (US)
Matrix Theory and Algorithms
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A Hadamard matrix with growth factor greater than its order — Matias Andia · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS