Urban Land Use Dynamics and Environmental Planning in Multan, Pakistan

This study examines land use dynamics and environmental planning in Multan with emphasis on urban sustainability, transportation, watershed management, and environmental impact assessment. Rapid population growth, industrialization, and unplanned urban expansion have significantly affected land use patterns and environmental conditions in the district. The study aims to analyse these challenges and identify suitable planning strategies for sustainable urban development. The research is based on literature review and secondary data collected from government reports, GIS-based land use studies, sustainability assessments, and environmental impact reports. Previous studies conducted by organizations such as NESPAK and other researchers were reviewed to evaluate urban growth trends, transport systems, flood management, and environmental sustainability indicators in Multan. The findings reveal several major issues, including conversion of agricultural land into urban settlements, environmental pollution, inadequate transportation infrastructure, traffic congestion, and flood risks from the Chenab River. Environmental sustainability indicators show a declining trend due to rapid urbanization, reduction of green areas, and increasing pressure on natural resources. Weak land use regulations and poor public transport systems have further contributed to inefficient urban growth. The study recommends integrated land use planning, stronger zoning regulations, improved public transportation, revitalization of old urban areas, and strengthening of flood protection infrastructure such as the Akbar and Nawabpur flood bunds. It also highlights the importance of environmental protection policies and sustainable resource management. The study concludes that effective planning and environmental management are essential for balanced urban growth, environmental protection, and improved quality of life in Multan District.