Community-based RoboGym training improves gross motor function in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) require sustained, intensive, task-specific rehabilitation, yet conventional community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is often limited by insufficient training dose and lack of assistive technologies. In this pragmatic randomized controlled trial, 60 children with CP (mean age 10.4 ± 1.4 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II–III) were allocated 1:1 to a community-based RoboGym (CRG) integrating five robotic modalities in a task-oriented circuit, or to conventional CBR. Both groups received 90-min sessions twice weekly for 6 months. The primary outcome was the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66); secondary outcomes were the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Significant Time × Group interactions favored CRG for GMFM-66 ( p = 0.048), PBS ( p = 0.048), and the PedsQL emotional ( p = 0.039) and social functioning ( p = 0.015) domains; differences in FIM ( p = 0.065) and PedsQL physical functioning ( p = 0.076) also favored CRG but were not statistically significant. The CRG mean GMFM-66 percentile advanced from the 36th to the 48th (individual effect size (iES) = 1.14, large), whereas CBR remained near baseline (iES = 0.29). A higher proportion of CRG participants exceeded the minimal detectable change threshold (37–63% vs. 17–27%), a difference that was statistically significant for GMFM-66, PBS, and FIM. Multi-modal robotic circuit training may offer a scalable community-based approach to CP management, although confirmation in larger multicenter trials is required. Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0006417, registered [03 August 2021].

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Publication Details

Journal
Scientific Reports
Published
2026-11-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77887-7
Primary Topic
Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Community-based RoboGym training improves gross motor function in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy

Mark Hallett, Mooyeon Oh‐Park, 최종은, Joshua H. You et al.
1 links
Scientific Reports
Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
article

Community-based RoboGym training improves gross motor function in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy

Mark Hallett, Mooyeon Oh‐Park, 최종은, Joshua H. You, Han Sung Kim, Hermano Igo Krebs, Chaesu Kim, Tea Chung
article en

Abstract

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) require sustained, intensive, task-specific rehabilitation, yet conventional community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is often limited by insufficient training dose and lack of assistive technologies. In this pragmatic randomized controlled trial, 60 children with CP (mean age 10.4 ± 1.4 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II–III) were allocated 1:1 to a community-based RoboGym (CRG) integrating five robotic modalities in a task-oriented circuit, or to conventional CBR. Both groups received 90-min sessions twice weekly for 6 months. The primary outcome was the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66); secondary outcomes were the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Significant Time × Group interactions favored CRG for GMFM-66 ( p = 0.048), PBS ( p = 0.048), and the PedsQL emotional ( p = 0.039) and social functioning ( p = 0.015) domains; differences in FIM ( p = 0.065) and PedsQL physical functioning ( p = 0.076) also favored CRG but were not statistically significant. The CRG mean GMFM-66 percentile advanced from the 36th to the 48th (individual effect size (iES) = 1.14, large), whereas CBR remained near baseline (iES = 0.29). A higher proportion of CRG participants exceeded the minimal detectable change threshold (37–63% vs. 17–27%), a difference that was statistically significant for GMFM-66, PBS, and FIM. Multi-modal robotic circuit training may offer a scalable community-based approach to CP management, although confirmation in larger multicenter trials is required. Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0006417, registered [03 August 2021].

Scientific Reports
National Institutes of Health (US), Johns Hopkins University (US), Yonsei University (KR), Johns Hopkins Medicine (US), Burke Rehabilitation Hospital (US), Yonsei University Mirae Campus (KR), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Yonsei University, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Education, India, Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea
Good health and well-being
Openalex Percentile: Top 12%
Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
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