Community-based RoboGym training improves gross motor function in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) require sustained, intensive, task-specific rehabilitation, yet conventional community-based rehabilitation (CBR) is often limited by insufficient training dose and lack of assistive technologies. In this pragmatic randomized controlled trial, 60 children with CP (mean age 10.4 ± 1.4 years; Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II–III) were allocated 1:1 to a community-based RoboGym (CRG) integrating five robotic modalities in a task-oriented circuit, or to conventional CBR. Both groups received 90-min sessions twice weekly for 6 months. The primary outcome was the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66); secondary outcomes were the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Significant Time × Group interactions favored CRG for GMFM-66 ( p = 0.048), PBS ( p = 0.048), and the PedsQL emotional ( p = 0.039) and social functioning ( p = 0.015) domains; differences in FIM ( p = 0.065) and PedsQL physical functioning ( p = 0.076) also favored CRG but were not statistically significant. The CRG mean GMFM-66 percentile advanced from the 36th to the 48th (individual effect size (iES) = 1.14, large), whereas CBR remained near baseline (iES = 0.29). A higher proportion of CRG participants exceeded the minimal detectable change threshold (37–63% vs. 17–27%), a difference that was statistically significant for GMFM-66, PBS, and FIM. Multi-modal robotic circuit training may offer a scalable community-based approach to CP management, although confirmation in larger multicenter trials is required. Clinical Research Information Service, KCT0006417, registered [03 August 2021].
Authors
- Mark Hallett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-6811)
- Mooyeon Oh‐Park (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0115-0804)
- 최종은
- Joshua H. You (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9931-2466)
- Han Sung Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-6553)
- Hermano Igo Krebs
- Chaesu Kim
- Tea Chung
Institutions
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Yonsei University (KR)
- Johns Hopkins Medicine (US)
- Burke Rehabilitation Hospital (US)
- Yonsei University Mirae Campus (KR)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2026-11-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77887-7
- Primary Topic
- Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Yonsei University
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Ministry of Education, India
- Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea