Adaptive Continuity in the Educational Culture of Modern Pesantren: A Comparative Study of Rural and Urban Pesantren in South Sumatera

This research aims to identify the characteristics of continuity and change in pesantren culture and to analyze the factors influencing them. Globalization, urbanization, and the development of information technology are compelling pesantren (Islamic boarding schools) to adapt without losing their cultural identity, yet how this adaptation takes shape in rural and urban settings has received limited comparative attention. This research is a comparative study of the Nurussalam Sidogede Modern Pesantren in East OKU, which is situated in a rural setting and rooted in Javanese culture, and the IGM Al-Ihsaniyah Modern Pesantren in Palembang, which is situated in an urban setting. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach in the form of field research, informed by ethnographic and phenomenological perspectives. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews with kiai, ustadz/ustadzah (teachers), and santri (students), and documentary study, and were then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The findings show that continuity occurs in fundamental aspects, namely the scholarly tradition based on classical texts (kitab), santri manners (adab) and discipline, the use of Arabic and English, the commemoration of Islamic holidays, and the values of sincerity, simplicity, and obedience to the kiai. Change is evident in the integration of the muadalah and national curricula, the use of digital technology, more open artistic expression and dress, a more familial kiai santri relationship, and the emergence of the values of professionalism, critical thinking, and entrepreneurship. The rural pesantren tends to preserve its traditional character selectively, whereas the urban pesantren is more open to innovation but faces weakening control over santri behavior. The influencing factors include the thought and role of the kiai, the objective conditions of the santri, kiai santri interaction, the development of science and technology, and the establishment of pesantren cooperatives.