Penerapan ZPD dalam Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kayumanis 1

The low mathematics learning outcomes of Grade IV students at SDN Kayumanis 1 Bogor City, particularly on the topic of solid geometry, as well as the limited availability of teaching materials suited to students’ abilities, formed the basis for conducting this study. This study aims to describe the application of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) concept in mathematics learning and evaluate the improvement of students’ mathematics learning outcomes through the implementation of ZPD. This study used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) method with the Kemmis and McTaggart approach, involving 27 Grade IV students as research subjects. Data were collected through observation, learning outcome tests, and documentation. The implementation of ZPD was carried out through scaffolding techniques in the form of gradually providing learning support according to students’ needs. The results showed that the implementation of ZPD helped students understand the concept of solid geometry, increased learning participation, and improved mathematics learning outcomes. The improvement was evident from the pre-cycle, with an average score of 69 and a mastery level of 44.44%, increasing to an average score of 74 with a mastery level of 74.07% in Cycle I, and further increasing to an average score of 85 with a mastery level of 92.59% in Cycle II. The conclusion of this study affirms that the implementation of the ZPD concept through scaffolding is effective in improving students’ mathematics learning outcomes on the topic of solid geometry. The implications of this study indicate that teachers need to integrate ZPD-oriented learning strategies to support differentiated and collaborative learning and encourage students’ learning independence.