La reconnaissance d’un jus cogens environnemental par la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’Homme en 2025 et quelques questions sur ses conséquences possibles

The article analyses the recognition by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights of an environmental jus cogens in its advisory opinion Climate Emergency and Human Rights of 29 May 2025. It argues that the Court elevates the prohibition of anthropogenic conduct causing irreversible harm to the common ecosystem to the status of a peremptory norm of international law. While this development may strengthen the international protection of the environment, the article highlights weaknesses in the Court’s legal reasoning, particularly regarding the demonstration of acceptance by the international community of states. It concludes by examining the potential implications of this recognition for international environmental law and the broader international legal order.