Discrete Lattice Origin of Yang–Mills Mass Gap and the Physical Foundation of Quantum Field Renormalization

Based on the Full-Domain Lattice Oscillation (FDLO) discrete spacetime theory, this work systematically resolves four classic long-standing open problems in fundamental quantum field theory and Yang–Mills gauge theory. The solved core physical problems include the paradox of unphysical massless charged gauge bosons, the physical origin of quantum field ultraviolet divergences and renormalization, the fundamental source of the Yang–Mills mass gap, and the unification dilemma of gravity and gauge interactions. Furthermore, this study proposes a novel high-energy photon dispersion prediction based on the extended FDLO theoretical framework, providing a new falsifiable physical conjecture for future high-energy astrophysical observations.