Physical Regimes Theory: The Fundamental Structure of Matter, Time, and Cosmic Expansion

Physical Regimes Theory: The Fundamental Structure of Matter, Time, and Cosmic Expansion Author: Seyed Hossein Reza TofighiLocation: Shiraz, IranORCID: 0009-0004-6725-7713 Document Status: Theoretical framework under development Abstract Physical Regimes Theory considers the universe to be a structure composed of interconnected and hierarchical physical regimes. Within this framework, mass is the primary factor for identifying and examining regimes, while time, the evolution of matter, and cosmic expansion are investigated in relation to their structure. Introduction This theory aims to investigate the fundamental structure of matter and its relationship with time and cosmic expansion. Physical regimes may overlap in certain regions, and the boundaries between them are not necessarily discrete or clearly defined. 1. Structure of Physical Regimes Mass is the primary factor in identifying and examining physical regimes. Properties such as density, gravity, temperature, magnetic fields, and angular momentum serve as complementary parameters for a more detailed investigation of the physical state of matter. Stars, black holes, planets, and galaxies are not physical regimes themselves; each may occupy different positions within the structure of regimes. Atomic and quantum phenomena describe the behavior of matter within these regimes and are not considered independent regimes. 2. Time and the Evolution of Matter Within this theory, time may have three states: Positive time: The evolution of matter toward a higher regime. Zero time: A boundary or transitional state between two physical conditions, rather than absolute stoppage. Negative time: The evolution of matter toward a preceding regime, not an ordinary return to the past or a reversal of event order. 3. Two Independent Temporal Directions Two independent temporal directions may coexist within a single physical structure. These directions do not stop or cancel each other, and each follows its own path of evolution. 4. Correspondence Between Stars and Black Holes The theory proposes the existence of a corresponding black hole for every star, located in the opposite direction of the overall regime structure. If a star lies in a regime lower than our position, its corresponding black hole would lie in a regime higher than our position. This correspondence does not imply the physical transformation of a star into a black hole; rather, it describes a structural relationship between their positions. 5. Black Holes and Extreme Conditions of Matter Black holes are important for investigating extreme conditions of matter and the boundaries of physical regimes. Their mass, density, rotation, and gravity are among the principal parameters considered in this investigation. Within this framework, black holes are associated with the negative temporal direction. The ultimate fate of matter and the possibility of its evolution toward final concentration remain open research questions. 6. Redefining Cosmic Expansion and Folding The relationship between physical regimes presents cosmic expansion as an apparent phenomenon. Folding is a structure in the relationships between physical regimes that plays a role in redefining cosmic expansion and the path of light propagation. This concept is not identical to the curvature of the spacetime metric in General Relativity. 7. Research Background Mass Cone Theory is part of the research background, not the primary framework of this theory. 8. Research and Testing Program Investigating this theory requires operational definitions of physical regimes, tests of the three temporal states, examination of the two independent temporal directions, evaluation of the proposed correspondence between stars and black holes, and investigation of cosmological implications. 9. Conclusion Physical Regimes Theory examines the structure of the universe on the basis of interconnected and hierarchical regimes, linking matter, time, and cosmic expansion within this framework. The aim of this research is to present a fundamental perspective on the structure of the universe based on physical regimes and to investigate their relationship with matter, time, and cosmic expansion.