БІОМАРКЕРИ ОЦІНКИ СТАНУ ГІПОКІНЕЗІЇ У ЧОЛОВІКІВ ЗРІЛОГО ВІКУ З НОРМАЛЬНОЮ ВАГОЮ ТІЛА

Introduction. Using bioimpedance analysis, heart rate variability, and electroneuromyography, identify the most informative biomarkers for assessing hypokinesia in men in the first and second stages of adulthood with normal body weight and establish possible reference values. Materials and Methods. A total of 80 men from both stages of adulthood were examined. Fifty percent were healthy, untrained individuals (Group A), while the rest exhibited pronounced signs of hypokinesia (Group B). From the participants in the first stage of adulthood, two groups of 20 people each were formed: A1 (physically healthy) and B1 (hypokinesia). From the men examined in the second stage of adulthood, groups A2 (physically healthy) and B2 (hypokinesia) were formed. The following methods were used: bioimpedance analysis, heart rate variability (HRV), and electroneuromyography (MUNIX method). Nonparametric methods of mathematical statistics were applied. Results. The bioimpedance analysis results show significantly higher values for body fat percentage (B1: +4.3%; B2: +3.7%), as well as significantly lower values for body fat mass (B1: -3.4%; B2: -5.7%) and ACM, % (B1: -7.3%; B2: -7.8%) in the examined men of early adulthood with hypokinesia, compared with the groups of healthy participants (A1; A2). HRV results indicate that among men with hypokinesia (B1), the level of stress on the heart rate regulation systems is 77.8% higher compared to A1. It was found that higher VLF levels were observed in the groups of individuals with hypokinesia (B1: +6.9% and B2: +7.6%) compared to the results among groups of healthy men. In response to an acute exercise test, the LF/HF ratio increased only in the groups with hypokinesia (B1: +57.7% and B2: +10.4%) against the backdrop of a significant strengthening of the central regulatory circuit of the sinus rhythm (VLF) in groups B1 (+18.8%) and B2 (+11.2%). The results of electroneuromyography, using the participants’ deltoid muscle as an example, indicate that among men with hypokinesia (B1), significantly lower parameters of the M-response amplitude (1.8 times lower), MUNIX (2.6 times lower), and higher MUSIX values (42.4% higher) compared to the group of healthy individuals (A1). A similar difference – characterized by lower M-response values (2.9 times lower), MUNIX values (3.3 times lower), and higher MUSIX values (+14.6%) – was observed in the group of men with hypokinesia (B2) compared to healthy participants (A2). Conclusions. The study found that to assess the presence of hypokinesia among men in both periods of adulthood, it is necessary to simultaneously use bioimpedance analysis, heart rate variability (spectral analysis), and electroneuromyography (the MUNIX method). It has been established that the most informative biomarkers derived from these methods, which allow for the rapid assessment of pronounced manifestations of hypokinesia in men of this age group, are the percentage of active cellular body mass (ACBM < 40-43%); the power of the very low-frequency (VLF) spectrum of cardiac intervals (VLF > 25-30%); the ratio of the indices of the number and size of active motor units in the studied muscle groups (MUSIX > MUNIX); and the parameters of the M-wave amplitude (M = 3.8-1.6).