Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory, Anti-microbial activity of Senna Suratensis flower extract

Senna surattensis is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Fabaceae, traditionally recognized for its potential therapeutic properties. The present study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of Senna surattensis methanolic flower extract to explore its potential as a source of bioactive compounds. The anti-inflammatory potential of the extract can be evaluated using suitable in vitro assays, while its antimicrobial activity can be assessed against selected bacterial and fungal strains. The antibacterial activity is investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. The antifungal activity is evaluated against Trichoderma asperellum and Candida parapsilosis. Antimicrobial efficacy can be assessed by measuring the zones of inhibition, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) can be determined to estimate the lowest concentration required to inhibit visible microbial growth. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by heat-induced albumin denaturation assay. The extract showed dose-dependent inhibition from 15.20% at 25 µg/mL to 65.44% at 200 µg/mL, while diclofenac sodium exhibited 24.94% to 82.78% inhibition. The activity is attributed to flavonoids and phenolics that stabilize albumin via hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions. Antibacterial activity was tested by agar well diffusion against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. At 300 µg/mL, maximum zone of inhibition was observed for S. aureus (6.2 mm), followed by B. subtilis (5.6 mm), E. coli (5.4 mm) and P. aeruginosa (5.2 mm), with MIC values ranging from 61-170 µg/mL. In the present study, B. subtilis was found to be most susceptible with an MIC of 61 µg/mL, indicating that S. surattensis extract is most potent against B. subtilis. Hence, the susceptibility pattern was: B. subtilis > P. aeruginosa > S. aureus > E. coli. Additionally, the extract exhibited antifungal activity against Trichoderma asperellum and Candida parapsilosis, indicating presence of broad-spectrum antimicrobial metabolites. The investigation of these biological activities may provide insights into the therapeutic potential of the plant extract and its possible applications in the development of plant-based antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. The study may also contribute to the identification of natural alternatives for further pharmacological investigation. However, the efficacy, safety, and active constituents of the extract require further evaluation through phytochemical characterization, appropriate experimental validation, and toxicity studies. The findings of this research could provide a scientific basis for future investigations into the medicinal properties of S. surattensis and its potential role in the development of natural bioactive formulations.