Analysis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Electrophoresis Results in Blood Samples from Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes mellitus Type II is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic β-cell function. Assessing the quality of isolated DNA is a critical step in ensuring the suitability of samples before they are used in molecular analysis. The objective of this study was to examine the visual patterns of DNA bands isolated from blood samples of patients with type II diabetes mellitus using agarose gel electrophoresis. This study employed a descriptive method with qualitative assessment of DNA quality in 15 blood samples from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DNA was isolated using a commercial DNA Extraction Mini Kit; subsequently, the samples were analyzed via 1% agarose gel electrophoresis, and the results were visualized using a gel documentation system. The data were analyzed descriptively based on the presence, clarity, and pattern of the DNA bands, and were then presented as frequencies and percentages. The results showed that 11 samples (73%) exhibited clear DNA bands, while 4 samples (27%) showed a smear pattern or DNA bands that were not clearly visible. Clear DNA bands indicate successful isolation and relatively intact DNA qualitatively. A smear pattern may indicate DNA fragmentation or degradation, while the absence of visible bands may be related to DNA levels below the detection limit or technical limitations of the assay. This study concluded that most blood samples from patients with type II diabetes mellitus produced distinct DNA bands. 1% agarose gel electrophoresis can be used to qualitatively assess the presence and integrity of DNA.