SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN’S EDUCATION AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF CRIMEAN TATAR WOMEN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY

This article analyzes the sociocultural aspects of the development of women’s education and the protection of the rights of Crimean Tatar women in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. It examines the historical preconditions for the emancipation of Crimean Tatar women and the characteristics of the transformation of traditional views on their social role. The main thesis of this study is that the development of women’s education and the protection of the rights of Crimean Tatar women have become important factors in the sociocultural modernization and national revival of the Crimean Tatar people. This paper analyzes the main trends in the development of women’s education, highlights Ismail Gasprinsky’s reformist views on the education and upbringing of girls, and substantiates the importance of establishing specialized educational institutions for women and introducing new educational methods. It is shown that his educational activities contributed to raising women’s educational level, shaping a new model of their social role, and expanding opportunities for their participation in public life. Special attention is given to issues related to the protection of the rights of Crimean Tatar women and the promotion of women’s rights to education, civic engagement, and cultural development. The article highlights the role of the newspaper “Terjiman”, the book “Kadynlar”, and the activities of Zuhra Akchurina-Gasprinska and Shefika Gasprinska in spreading enlightenment ideas, developing women’s education, and establishing the Crimean Tatar women’s movement. The scientific novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the sociocultural aspects of the development of women’s education and the protection of the rights of Crimean Tatar women in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century, based on an analysis of the enlightenment, educational, journalistic, and civic activities of Ismail Gasprinsky. The practical significance of these findings lies in the possibility of using the research materials when studying the history of the Crimean Tatar people, the history of Ukraine, gender history, the history of education, cultural heritage, and sociocultural processes. It has been demonstrated that the development of women’s education and the protection of the rights of Crimean Tatar women became important components of the sociocultural modernization of Crimean Tatar society in the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. This is demonstrated by an analysis of Ismail Gasprinsky’s enlightenment, educational, journalistic, and civic activities; his views on the role of women in society; as well as the development of women’s education, periodicals, and civic engagement among Crimean Tatar women. This study has demonstrated the central thesis regarding the crucial importance of the development of women’s education and the protection of the rights of Crimean Tatar women in the process of the national revival and sociocultural modernization of the Crimean Tatar people.