Faktor Risiko Kejadian Tuberkulosis di Wilayah Perdesaan: Studi Kasus

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a high-burden public health problem, including in rural areas such as the working area of Puskesmas Wanareja I, Cilacap Regency, which recorded 96 active cases in 2025. Objective: This study aimed to analyze environmental, individual, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors associated with TB incidence and to determine the most dominant factor. Methods: A case-control design was applied to 158 respondents (79 cases, 79 controls) in the working area of Puskesmas Wanareja I. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and household environmental measurements, then analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square test), and multivariate (binary logistic regression) analyses. Results: Bivariate analysis showed six variables significantly associated with TB incidence: ventilation (p=0.023), humidity (p=0.004), lighting (p=0.006), temperature (p=0.008), contact with TB patients (p<0.001), and window-opening habits (p=0.011). In the final logistic regression model, three variables remained significant: ventilation (p=0.032), humidity (p=0.018), and contact with TB patients (p=0.002; Wald=9.415), with contact being the most dominant factor. The final model explained 18.7% of the variance in TB incidence (Nagelkerke R²=0.187). Conclusion: It is concluded that TB prevention in rural areas should be carried out comprehensively through household contact investigation combined with improvement of house ventilation and humidity conditions.