Simulación de microrredes híbridas con integración de fuentes renovables y almacenamiento para resiliencia energética.

Integrating renewable energy sources into power grids presents challenges regarding energy variability, dynamic stability, and supply continuity during grid outages; this research addresses the coordination of photovoltaic generation, energy storage, and backup power generation to ensure the resilient operation of critical loads. The study aims to develop and analyze a hybrid microgrid through dynamic simulation using DIgSILENT PowerFactory 2024, integrating a 2.5 MWp photovoltaic plant, a 6 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS), and a 3.2 MW diesel backup generator. The methodology involves dynamic modeling of electrical components, the implementation of an energy management system via a Python API, and a hierarchical load-sharing strategy. The photovoltaic system incorporates an MPPT controller with temperature compensation, while the BESS is evaluated using bidirectional control, state-of-charge calculations, and grid-following and grid-forming strategies. Validation was conducted using dynamic scenarios involving irradiance variations and transitions to islanded operation; results demonstrated that the microgrid maintained a continuous power supply to a 2.47 MW critical load during two islanded operation episodes, achieving surpluses of 1.08 MW and 0.58 MW, respectively. The battery energy storage system provided dynamic support with charging power of up to -0.75 MW and discharging power of 0.80 MW, maintaining frequency stability around 60 Hz.