Analysis of foreign currency transaction management and exchange rate fluctuation risk at Bank BNI

This study aims to analyze the management of foreign exchange transactions and exchange rate fluctuation risks at PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk (BNI). The study focuses on the types of foreign currencies used in transactions, the mechanisms for determining buying and selling exchange rates, the risks arising from exchange rate fluctuations, and the measures taken by the bank to mitigate these risks. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews with BNI customer service staff, direct observation, and documentation. Primary data were obtained from interviews, while secondary data were collected from official information published by BNI, Bank Indonesia, the Financial Services Authority (OJK), and relevant literature. The findings indicate that BNI provides various foreign exchange services, including FX Today, FX Tomorrow, FX Spot, and Banknotes, as well as transactions involving various foreign currencies, with the United States dollar (USD) being one of the major currencies available. Buying and selling exchange rates are dynamic and may change according to market conditions. The difference between buying and selling rates represents the spread in foreign exchange transactions. To mitigate exchange rate fluctuation risks, BNI provides various hedging instruments, such as FX Forward, Flexible Forward, Domestic Non-Deliverable Forward (DNDF), and FX Swap. This study concludes that foreign exchange transaction management and the implementation of hedging instruments are important aspects of managing exchange rate fluctuation risks and supporting customers' international financial transaction needs.