Contribution of Voisin Rational Grazing and Buffalo Production to Strengthening Food Security and Ruminant Livestock Sustainability Facing Climate Change

The integration of alternative grazing systems and non-conventional livestock species in temperate mountain environments remains insufficiently understood. This study examined the integration of Voisin Rational Grazing (VRG) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) production into livestock systems in Zacualtipán de Ángeles, Hidalgo, Mexico, focusing on interactions among local actors, production practices, and socio-institutional conditions. Guided by Hernán Thomas’s socio-technical perspective, the study adopted an exploratory, interpretive qualitative design involving 31 key informants selected through snowball sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and examined using thematic and qualitative content analysis. The findings indicated substantial acceptance of VRG, with 67% direct agreement, which producers associated with pasture optimization, reduced feed costs, and improved herd management. Buffalo production, however, remained exploratory and fragmented, with reported interest of 40%. Market uncertainty, limited specialized technical assistance, and weak institutional support were identified as key barriers to its integration. These contrasting patterns contribute to socio-technical transition research by highlighting the uneven integration of grazing and livestock innovations within the same territorial setting. The study emphasizes the importance of cohesive socio-technical networks that connect production innovation with economic viability and ecosystem service conservation. Practical implications include tailored technical support and structured market development strategies. Future mixed-methods research could complement these findings by quantifying pasture characteristics and carbon sequestration.