ИРАНДАҒЫ ХИКМЕТ ПЕН ФИЛОСОФИЯ ДӘСТҮРІНІҢ ТАРИХИ-ТЕОРИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ ЖӘНЕ ИСФАХАН МЕКТЕБІНІҢ ҚАЛЫПТАСУЫ

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the historical and theoretical development of the tradition of wisdom and philosophy in Iran, as well as the distinctive features of the Isfahan philosophical school that emerged from this process. The study examines the intellectual climate of the Safavid period, which is considered a decisive stage in the history of Islamic philosophy, the institutionalization of philosophical thought, and the establishment of wisdom as an independent theoretical system. It also analyzes the interaction and synthesis of the Peripatetic, Illuminationist, and Irfani-theoretical traditions within Iranian philosophy.The core of the research consists of the philosophical concepts developed by the leading representatives of the Isfahan school, Mir Damad and Sadr ad-Din Shirazi (Mulla Sadra). In particular, Mulla Sadra’s concept of transcendent wisdom (حکمت متعالیه), substantial motion (الحركة الجوهرية), the primacy of existence (أصالة الوجود), epistemology (اتحاد العاقل والمعقول), and the problem of the origin of the world are examined in detail. These principles are considered an integrated worldview that demonstrates the unity of philosophy and religion, as well as reason and revelation. The findings demonstrate the place of the Isfahan school in the history of Iranian philosophy and affirm that “transcendent wisdom” represents one of the most perfected forms of Islamic philosophical thought.The aim of the study is to systematically analyze this tradition and to comprehensively reveal the formation, role, and significance of the Isfahan school. It also clarifies the concept and historical evolution of “wisdom,” examines the intellectual, religious, and social factors influencing the school’s emergence, analyzes the views of early representatives such as Mir Damad and Mir Fendereski, and explores the theoretical foundations and innovative aspects of Mulla Sadra’s concepts.