Profile of Incidence and Risk Factors of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Hospital

Background: Hypoglycemia is one of the most dangerous acute adverse effects of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) treatment and is an important indicator of patient safety during hospitalization. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the incidence and risk factors of hypoglycemia among hospitalized patients with T2DM. Methods: This analytical observational study employed a prospective cohort design involving 72 hospitalized patients with T2DM at RSU Haji Medan from January to April 2026. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, medication appropriateness based on the six rights (6T) criteria, and potential drug interactions involving medications for comorbidities were collected from medical records and daily monitoring. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression. Results: Hypoglycemia occurred in 24 of 72 patients (33.3%). Bivariate analysis revealed no significant associations between hypoglycemia and age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index, HbA1c levels, treatment regimen, or potential drug interactions involving medications for comorbidities (p > 0.05). However, medication appropriateness was significantly associated with hypoglycemia (p = 0.039). Multivariate logistic regression identified medication appropriateness as an independent predictor of hypoglycemia (p = 0.050; Exp(B) = 12.281; 95% CI: 1.000–150.854), with an overall model classification accuracy of 75.0%. Conclusion: The appropriateness of antidiabetic therapy was associated with hypoglycemia among hospitalized patients with T2DM. Strengthening medication reviews is essential to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia and improve patient safety