A prospective study to evaluate peri-operative factors and presentation of port-site infections in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgeries

Background: Port site infection (PSI) is the most common wound-related complication after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, yet Indian data linking risk factors to microbiology remain limited. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to determine PSI prevalence, clinical presentation, peri-operative risk factors, microbial spectrum, and antibiotic sensitivity. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study evaluated 300 patients (aged 18–65 years) undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between October 2023 and October 2025, with follow-up extending to 2 months postoperatively. Results: PSI developed in 34 patients (11.33%). Independent predictors included iatrogenic gallbladder perforation with bile spillage (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.57), emergency surgery (aOR 5.35), and overweight body mass index (aOR 2.49). Cellulitis was the most frequent presentation (47.06%), followed by wound dehiscence (32.35%) and abscess (20.59%). Staphylococcus aureus (35.29%) predominated among isolates, which showed the highest sensitivity to amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefazolin, alongside frequent carbapenem and tetracycline resistance. Debridement was required in 52.94% of cases. Conclusion: PSI is frequent yet largely preventable through modifiable factors. Meticulous asepsis, avoidance of bile spillage, endobag retrieval, and culture-guided therapy are recommended.