Advances and Potentials of Graphene Materials in Tendon-Bone Interface Healing: A Review

In the field of orthopedic sports medicine, the healing of the tendon-bone interface (TBI) has always been challenging. This is due to the unique gradient fibrocartilage transition zone structure of the TBI, which limits the gradient tissue regeneration ability from the tendon to the bone and easily leads to TBI regeneration disorders. This unsolved problem has always been widely concerned. Lowdimensional biological materials represented by graphene materials, due to their high specific surface area, good mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, bionic topological structure and multimodal regulation capabilities, provide new solutions for the regeneration of TBI. In this article, we focus on reviewing the biological characteristics of graphene materials, the potential research value of graphene materials in regulating cells related to TBI healing, the application prospects of graphene-based composite biomaterials in TBI, as well as the challenges and prospects faced, aiming to provide theoretical references for related research on TBI healing.