Topological Defects and Gauged Q-balls in an Expanding Universe with a Distinguished Time Field: A Geometric Interpretation of Mass, Charge and Time

Physics treats mass, charge, and time as separate entities. We want to change that. Our model builds a single geometric framework where these three concepts finally connect. Time isn't just a coordinate. It acts as the parameter tracking the universe's expansion. Mass is a topological defect. It represents a localized region where the substrate's expansion literally stops. Charge works differently. It emerges as an integer momentum tied to a soliton's phase, winding along the time direction rather than space. We didn't just postulate these rules. We derived the inverse-square law and proved the equivalence principle directly from our field equations. The model also predicts new phenomena. It offers a solution to the Hubble tension, predicts scalar gravitational waves, and frames dark matter as neutral Q-balls. It provides a fresh, testable perspective on reality.