Use of antioxidant-rich nutrients to slow the advancement of cataracts

Cataracts occur due to opacification of the crystalline lens and are a leading cause of vision loss globally. The primary mechanism of cataract development is oxidative stress. Worldwide, nearly 17 million individuals are blind due to cataract, with 33% of cases of reduced vision. Current treatments mainly involve surgery, which may be associated with the risks of infection, astigmatism, glaucoma, pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, and retinal detachment. This study emphasizes prevention over treatment, using antioxidant-rich nutrients to delay or prevent cataract progression. This can shift the focus from conventional surgical treatment to a non-invasive, accessible approach. Eating antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables is the effective method to obtain essential nutrients. Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E and β-carotene, and enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, can alleviate oxidative stress, help neutralize reactive oxygen species, and protect the integrity of the crystalline lens. This review aims to highlight the potential of antioxidant-rich nutrients in preventing or slowing the progression of cataract.