PERBANDINGAN BIOETANOL KULIT NANAS DAN KULIT PISANG: SINTESIS LITERATUR DAN POTENSI E5

Indonesia's E5 gasoline-blending mandate, effective July 2026, requires about 2 million kL of ethanol per year, while national fuel-grade ethanol capacity stands at about 70.5 thousand kL. This study compares pineapple and banana peel wastes as bioethanol feedstocks through three approaches: a synthesis of 23 experimental studies (2013–2025); a statistical re-analysis of the case-study data of Wahai et al. (2024) supplemented with lower-heating-value (LHV) calculations for ethanol–water mixtures; and an estimate of national production potential relative to E5 demand. The median distillate ethanol concentration in the literature is 47% for pineapple peel (n = 8) and 36% for banana peel (n = 6); pineapple peel can be fermented without hydrolysis because it contains 8–14% free sugars, whereas banana peel requires hydrolysis because its carbohydrates are dominated by starch and lignocellulose. In the case study, the 92.8% vs 88% concentration difference corresponds to a 7.5% LHV difference (24.3 vs 22.6 MJ/kg) and is consistent with the longer flame duration of pineapple-peel bioethanol (1.10 vs 0.79 min; p = 0.004); the 11.96 °C flame-temperature difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.17). The ethanol potential of both wastes is estimated at 76–187 thousand kL/year (realistic scenario) up to 414–605 thousand kL/year (theoretical), equivalent to 4–30% of E5 demand and 1–9 times the installed capacity; banana peel dominates the volume potential, while pineapple peel offers the simpler process route.