The Effects of Human Resource Competence and Management Support on Fashion Ecosystem Competitiveness through Tourism Destination Attractiveness in Madura

This study examines human resource competence, management support, tourism destination attractiveness and perceived fashion ecosystem competitiveness among 100 purposively sampled batik owners and artisans in Bangkalan and Sampang. PLS-SEM showed positive, significant direct associations for both predictors with attractiveness and competitiveness, and between attractiveness and competitiveness. The competence-related indirect association was supported (p = .022). The support-related indirect association did not meet the original p < .05 rule (p = .054), although its 95% percentile interval [.009, .134] excluded zero. Findings concern cross-sectional individual perceptions, not causal mediation or regional ecosystem performance. Sampling and possible response dependence limit interpretation.