Training and knowledge of women’s health topics: A survey of neuropsychologists and trainees
Objective: Training in women’s health topics is limited, impacting clinicians’ preparedness to address sex-specific concerns. Little is known about the extent neuropsychologists receive structured education in these areas or their comfort with addressing women-specific neurocognitive concerns in practice. This study examined neuropsychologists’ self-reported training exposure, clinical comfort, and objective knowledge regarding women’s health. Method: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by neuropsychology trainees (29%) and professionals (34% early-, 20% mid-, 17% senior-career) recruited through listservs and social media. Demographics, self-reported training exposure and clinical comfort, and an objective 5-item knowledge quiz were collected. Descriptive statistics examined differences in comfort and knowledge by training, work setting, and career stage. Results: Participants (n = 122) were predominantly white/non-Hispanic (84%) women (91%) in the United States (89%), with diverse professional roles and work settings. Results showed 59% reported no formal training and 41% reported “slight to no comfort” addressing women’s health concerns. Although item-level accuracy on the knowledge quiz was high (68.03-95.08%), 48% of participants answered all items correctly; performance did not differ by training, setting, or career stage. Conclusions: Findings indicate limited formal training, low comfort addressing women-specific neurocognitive issues in clinical care but intact knowledge on common women’s health questions. This gap may perpetuate sex-related disparities in patient care and research in this area. Formalized training initiatives are warranted to improve confidence and competence for neuropsychologists.
Authors
- Katherine J. Bangen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1363-3179)
- Rachael L. Ellison (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-1739)
- Joyce W. Tam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0020-3177)
- Erin Sullivan‐Baca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1470-8141)
- Sara Pishdadian (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3799-155X)
- Lauren E. Kenney (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3633-6791)
- Stella H. Kim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4677-6213)
- Ashley L. Nguyen-Martinez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-475X)
- Danielle N. Shapiro
- Emma Muller (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5079-3735)
- Elizabeth Stuart
Institutions
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Houston Methodist (US)
- University of Kansas (US)
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- York University (CA)
- Brown University (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (US)
- Michigan Medicine (US)
- Miller Children's & Women's Hospital (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (US)
- University of York (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Clinical Neuropsychologist
- Published
- 2026-10-31
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2026.2754044
- Primary Topic
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00