Training and knowledge of women’s health topics: A survey of neuropsychologists and trainees

Objective: Training in women’s health topics is limited, impacting clinicians’ preparedness to address sex-specific concerns. Little is known about the extent neuropsychologists receive structured education in these areas or their comfort with addressing women-specific neurocognitive concerns in practice. This study examined neuropsychologists’ self-reported training exposure, clinical comfort, and objective knowledge regarding women’s health. Method: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by neuropsychology trainees (29%) and professionals (34% early-, 20% mid-, 17% senior-career) recruited through listservs and social media. Demographics, self-reported training exposure and clinical comfort, and an objective 5-item knowledge quiz were collected. Descriptive statistics examined differences in comfort and knowledge by training, work setting, and career stage. Results: Participants (n = 122) were predominantly white/non-Hispanic (84%) women (91%) in the United States (89%), with diverse professional roles and work settings. Results showed 59% reported no formal training and 41% reported “slight to no comfort” addressing women’s health concerns. Although item-level accuracy on the knowledge quiz was high (68.03-95.08%), 48% of participants answered all items correctly; performance did not differ by training, setting, or career stage. Conclusions: Findings indicate limited formal training, low comfort addressing women-specific neurocognitive issues in clinical care but intact knowledge on common women’s health questions. This gap may perpetuate sex-related disparities in patient care and research in this area. Formalized training initiatives are warranted to improve confidence and competence for neuropsychologists.

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Publication Details

Journal
The Clinical Neuropsychologist
Published
2026-10-31
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2026.2754044
Primary Topic
Sex and Gender in Healthcare
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Training and knowledge of women’s health topics: A survey of neuropsychologists and trainees

Katherine J. Bangen, Rachael L. Ellison, Joyce W. Tam, Erin Sullivan‐Baca et al.
The Clinical Neuropsychologist
Sex and Gender in Healthcare
article

Training and knowledge of women’s health topics: A survey of neuropsychologists and trainees

Katherine J. Bangen, Rachael L. Ellison, Joyce W. Tam, Erin Sullivan‐Baca, Sara Pishdadian, Lauren E. Kenney, Stella H. Kim, Ashley L. Nguyen-Martinez, Danielle N. Shapiro, Emma Muller, Elizabeth Stuart
article en

Abstract

Objective: Training in women’s health topics is limited, impacting clinicians’ preparedness to address sex-specific concerns. Little is known about the extent neuropsychologists receive structured education in these areas or their comfort with addressing women-specific neurocognitive concerns in practice. This study examined neuropsychologists’ self-reported training exposure, clinical comfort, and objective knowledge regarding women’s health. Method: A cross-sectional online survey was completed by neuropsychology trainees (29%) and professionals (34% early-, 20% mid-, 17% senior-career) recruited through listservs and social media. Demographics, self-reported training exposure and clinical comfort, and an objective 5-item knowledge quiz were collected. Descriptive statistics examined differences in comfort and knowledge by training, work setting, and career stage. Results: Participants (n = 122) were predominantly white/non-Hispanic (84%) women (91%) in the United States (89%), with diverse professional roles and work settings. Results showed 59% reported no formal training and 41% reported “slight to no comfort” addressing women’s health concerns. Although item-level accuracy on the knowledge quiz was high (68.03-95.08%), 48% of participants answered all items correctly; performance did not differ by training, setting, or career stage. Conclusions: Findings indicate limited formal training, low comfort addressing women-specific neurocognitive issues in clinical care but intact knowledge on common women’s health questions. This gap may perpetuate sex-related disparities in patient care and research in this area. Formalized training initiatives are warranted to improve confidence and competence for neuropsychologists.

The Clinical Neuropsychologist
Rush University Medical Center (US), Houston Methodist (US), University of Kansas (US), Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US), York University (CA), Brown University (US), University of Michigan (US), University of California San Diego (US), VA San Diego Healthcare System (US), Michigan Medicine (US), Miller Children's & Women's Hospital (US), University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (US), University of York (GB)
Openalex Percentile: Top 10%
Sex and Gender in Healthcare
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