India's Apparel Competitiveness in the European Union: How Islamic Social Funds Can Empower Social Businesses A Product-Level Analysis foregrounds the detailed product analysis.

Abstract: Changes in product composition and supplier shares are examined jointly to account for India’s position in European Union apparel imports between 2015 and 2025. Official annual import values are analysed for India, Bangladesh, China, Vietnam and Pakistan against the complete external supplier market. An exact symmetric decomposition separates changes in market product weights from changes in suppliers’ shares within categories. Product specialisation and concentration are measured across thirty-four identifiable apparel headings, with unallocated trade retained separately. India’s market share fell from 5.498 to 4.791 per cent, despite a 16.083 per cent increase in import value. Changing market composition contributed a decline of 0.520 percentage points and within-product shares a further 0.187 points. Non-knitted women’s blouses and shirts made the largest negative product contribution, although India’s share within that category increased slightly. Excluding unallocated trade and comparing pooled three-year periods preserve the direction of the decline. The findings distinguish product-basket exposure from within-category performance without attributing either component to specific trade policies.