Percepción del riesgo y barreras de comunicación familiar sobre embarazo precoz en adolescentes: revisión bibliográfica.

Adolescent pregnancy is a public health issue linked to social, economic, educational, cultural, and familial factors. This study aimed to analyze scientific evidence regarding risk perception and barriers to family communication that influence the prevention of early pregnancy. Using a descriptive, documentary research design—and conducting searches across Google Scholar, Dialnet, PubMed, and SciELO while applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, Boolean operators, and the PRISMA method—50 documents published between 2022 and 2026 were selected. The results showed that poverty, low educational attainment, early sexual activity, social inequality, cultural beliefs, and limited access to contraceptives are associated with increased vulnerability to adolescent pregnancy. Furthermore, shame, fear of judgment, lack of trust, taboos, a lack of knowledge, and difficulties in communicating with parents constitute significant barriers to addressing issues of sexuality and prevention. It was concluded that comprehensive sex education, access to contraceptives, sexual and reproductive health counseling, and family involvement are key strategies; moreover, prevention requires coordinated efforts among families, schools, communities, and health professionals.