ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF GROWING CORN HYBRIDS FOR GRAIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST-STEP

The article presents the results of assessing the economic efficiency of growing corn hybrids for grain depending on the sowing density in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The relevance of the study is due to the need to optimize the technological parameters of corn cultivation to increase crop productivity, rational use of production resources and ensure the profitability of grain production. The purpose of the study was to assess the economic indicators of growing corn hybrids of different maturity groups at different plant density and to determine the most promising combinations of the studied factors. Field studies were conducted in 2024-2025 at the experimental field of the Scientific and Technological Research Group «Agronomichne» of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. The experiment studied 12 corn hybrids at sowing densities of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 thousand plants/ha. The economic assessment was carried out according to the indicators of the cost of gross output, production costs, cost of grain, conditional net profit and profitability level. The generalization of the results showed that the average yield of the studied hybrids increased with an increase in the sowing density from 50 to 80 thousand plants/ha, reaching 13.43 t/ha. At a density of 90 thousand plants/ha, this indicator decreased to 13.24 t/ha, which indicates the absence of an additional increase in productivity with further thickening of crops. The highest yield among the studied variants was formed by the hybrid DKS 4031 at a density of 80 thousand plants/ha – 15.60 t/ha, and the level of profitability according to the initial data was 113.7%. High indicators were also obtained for hybrids DKS 4897 and DKS 4433 at a density of 70 thousand plants/ha, the yield of which was 15.49 and 15.48 t/ha, respectively, and profitability – 111.5 and 109.3%. According to the results of economic evaluation, the most promising was the combination of high productivity and rational sowing density within 70–80 thousand plants/ha. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in substantiating a differentiated approach to the choice of sowing density depending on the characteristics of the hybrid.