DIGITAL AND INSTITUTIONAL INSTRUMENTS FOR POVERTY REDUCTION

In the contemporary discourse on global development, the eradication of poverty has evolved from a focus on simple resource transfer to a complex interrogation of structural capabilities, market access, and governance frameworks. As the global economy undergoes a profound digital transformation, the mechanisms available for poverty reduction have expanded to include a sophisticated array of digital instruments, from mobile financial services and biometric identification systems to e-governance platforms and digital agricultural extension services. However, a growing body of empirical evidence suggests that the efficacy of these digital interventions is critically dependent on the quality of the institutional environment in which they are deployed. This research report provides an analysis of the interplay between digital and institutional instruments for poverty reduction. Drawing on a wide range of research, policy reviews, and regional case analyses this paper argues that digital and institutional instruments must be viewed as complementary forces in a „twin transition” toward inclusive development. The analysis reveals that while digital tools offer unprecedented opportunities to lower transaction costs, reduce information asymmetries, and enhance the reach of social protection, their impact is frequently moderated by institutional thresholds such as the rule of law, control of corruption, and regulatory quality. Furthermore, we identify how digital instruments can themselves serve as catalysts for institutional reform by enhancing transparency and accountability, provided that the underlying “institutional voids” are addressed through targeted policy interventions. The article was elaborated within the Project selected in competition „Stimulating excellence in scientific research 2025-2026” 25.80012.0807.37SE „The perfection of instruments for reducing income inequality and reducing poverty of the population in the process of European integration of the Republic of Moldova”, institutional funding, ANCD.