A Sociological Study of Climate Change and the Prevalence of Infectious Diseases in Urban Areas of Punjab, Pakistan

The main focus of this study was to analyze climate change and the prevalence of infectious Diseases in Urban Areas of Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, area like Faisalabad, Sahiwal, Layyah, and Jhang were selected. Urban areas from these cities were selected randomly and then proportionately samples were drawn keeping in view the population size of these cities total 375 samples were drawn. A well-structured questionnaire comprising of certain questions focusing on the problem statements were selected. Then the responses were put on the analytical tools and certain important results were drawn. Few important results are taken on the momentous variables like, health seeking behavior, health system capacity, vector control governance, response and awareness, perceived climate change indicators in the respondents localities, levels of climate change indicators, and level of climate change indicators (percent of respondents). The main objectives To identify the major climate change indicators (e.g., temperature rise, flooding, rainfall variability, heatwaves) affecting urban areas of Punjab. To analyze the prevalence and patterns of infectious diseases (e.g., dengue, malaria, diarrhea, typhoid, respiratory infections) in selected urban settings of Punjab. To examine the association between climate variability and the outbreak of infectious diseases in urban populations. The main findings shows that a significant but weak relationship between climate change indicators and infectious disease prevalence, with air pollution and rainfall variability emerging as significant predictors. Health-system capacity significantly moderated this relationship, highlighting its potential role in reducing climate-related disease risk.