Digital diplomacy as a political technology: a comparative analysis of Russian and US practices in Qatar

Contemporary international relations are characterized by the growing role of technology in states' foreign policy practices. This trend contributes to the development of the phenomenon of digital diplomacy. The article examines the theoretical foundations of digital diplomacy of Russia and the USA in Qatar. The choice of this Gulf monarchy is due to its advanced digital development and its active participation in international relations as a mediator. This study aims to establish a theoretical framework of the digital diplomacy of Russia and the USA in Qatar. This aim is achieved through a methodology based on theoretical analysis, theoretical synthesis, comparative and systemic methods. The article examines constructivist, neoliberal, and neorealist approaches, based on which a comprehensive theoretical framework is formed. The proposed framework enables one to examine the narrative, communicative, and strategic aspects of the digital diplomacy of Russia and the USA in Qatar and could be applied in further empirical studies of digital diplomacy in the region.