Who Wins the Window? Agentic Vulnerability-Response Benchmarks Measure Model Competence, Not Vulnerability Difficulty

A measurement-validity study of agentic CVE benchmarks. Given a public advisory and a patch diff, we measure a 'defender window': how fast a language-model agent gets a deployable defense in place versus a working reproducer, over nine patched N-day web vulnerabilities. Across four models the deployable-defense rate spans 0.15 to 0.76; the ordering is a property of the model, not of the CVE. The gap survives two scorer relaxations and a gate-threshold sweep, so it is not a scoring artifact; the sole model that favors the defender does so only on CVEs it can recall from memory; and laboratory reproduction cost does not track the real-world delay to a first public exploit. We argue that a defensively framed window metric of this kind confounds model competence and memorization with vulnerability difficulty. Pilot scale (n=9 CVEs); all vulnerabilities are patched N-days exercised in local isolated containers, and no working exploit is released.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23800227
Primary Topic
Web Application Security Vulnerabilities
Type
preprint
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preprint

Who Wins the Window? Agentic Vulnerability-Response Benchmarks Measure Model Competence, Not Vulnerability Difficulty

Tao An
3 links
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Web Application Security Vulnerabilities
preprint

Who Wins the Window? Agentic Vulnerability-Response Benchmarks Measure Model Competence, Not Vulnerability Difficulty

Tao An
preprint en

Abstract

A measurement-validity study of agentic CVE benchmarks. Given a public advisory and a patch diff, we measure a 'defender window': how fast a language-model agent gets a deployable defense in place versus a working reproducer, over nine patched N-day web vulnerabilities. Across four models the deployable-defense rate spans 0.15 to 0.76; the ordering is a property of the model, not of the CVE. The gap survives two scorer relaxations and a gate-threshold sweep, so it is not a scoring artifact; the sole model that favors the defender does so only on CVEs it can recall from memory; and laboratory reproduction cost does not track the real-world delay to a first public exploit. We argue that a defensively framed window metric of this kind confounds model competence and memorization with vulnerability difficulty. Pilot scale (n=9 CVEs); all vulnerabilities are patched N-days exercised in local isolated containers, and no working exploit is released.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Web Application Security Vulnerabilities
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