Determinants of The Factors of Oral Complications In Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at The Gresik Industrial Health Center

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that increases susceptibility to oral complications such as dental caries, periodontal disease, xerostomia, and oral candidiasis. These complications are influenced by interactions between demographic, clinical, and oral health–related factors. This study aimed to analyze the effects of demographic and clinical factors, oral health behavior, and oral health knowledge on oral complications among patients with Diabetes Mellitus, and to examine the role of the Oral Hygiene Index–Simplified (OHI-S) as a mediating variable. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 90 Diabetes Mellitus patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Chi-Square tests for bivariate associations (X→Y), Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression for determinants of OHI-S (X→M), and multivariable logistic regression to assess the effect of OHI-S on oral complications (M→Y). Mediation analysis was evaluated using a path analysis approach supported by the Sobel test. Oral complications were predominantly moderate (54.44%). Oral health knowledge (p < 0.001) and type of Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0.026) were significantly associated with oral complications at the bivariate level. OLS regression showed that oral health knowledge significantly affected OHI-S (p < 0.001). However, logistic regression indicated that OHI-S did not significantly predict oral complications (p = 0.957). The Sobel test confirmed that the mediating effect of OHI-S was not significant. Oral complications in patients with Diabetes Mellitus are multifactorial. OHI-S was not proven to act as a mediator or a significant predictor of oral complications. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Oral Complications, OHI-S, Mediation Analysis.