Comparing Variation with Conventional Powell’s Angular Measures to Establish Soft Tissue Norms in Adult Pakistanis

Objective: To assess soft tissue norms in adult Pakistani population using the standard Powell’s measurements and to compare the angular measurements between male and female subjects. Study Design: cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Orthodontics department, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID), Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Nov 2021 to 30 Apr 2022. Methodology: Two hundred subjects fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and their lateral cephalometric radiographs were recorded to determine the respective norms for Pakistani population. For each subject, four facial soft tissue Powell's angular measurements were recorded namely Nasofacial, Nasofrontal, Nasomental and Mentocervical angles. Student's t-test was used to compare measured values between genders. p-value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the values of Nasofrontal angle (p<0.01) and Mentocervical angle (p<0.001) between males and females, where female subjects showed a significantly higher value for both of these angles, suggesting gender dimorphism. Nasofacial angle values showed significant difference between age groups (p<0.01). Conclusion: Notable disparities in the average values of Powell's analysis facial angles between male and female representatives of Pakistani community were observed.