Dibenarkan Oleh Darah Kristus Berdasarkan Roma 5:9: Suatu Kajian Eksegesis

The discourse on justification in Pauline theology frequently posits faith as the primary category, which can generate conceptual ambiguity when faith is misconstrued as the sole foundation rather than the instrument of reception. This study aims to examine Romans 5:9, specifically the phrase “justified by His blood,” employing a text-based qualitative approach integrated with historical-grammatical exegesis, biblical theology, and conceptual analysis. The results demonstrate that δικαιωθέντες (dikaiōthentes) denotes a singular, forensic, passive, and definitive act of God, whereas ἐν τῷ αἵματι αὐτοῦ (en tō haimati autou) syntactically links justification to the blood of Christ as an effective objective work. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a robust conceptual continuity between the theology of blood and the Old Testament sacrificial tradition. This study concludes that Romans 5:9 seamlessly integrates redemption and justification. The novelty of this research lies in its rigid conceptual distinction between ground and means, establishing the blood of Christ as the objective ground of justification and faith as the subjective instrument of reception means.