Efectos de un modelo de entrenamiento basado en la coordinación motriz para la mejora de la técnica del pase en futbolistas sub-14

Introduction: The passing technique in children's soccer requires motor coordination, precision, and body control to effectively respond to the changing game situations. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a training model based on motor coordination on the passing technique of U14 football players from Astillero Fútbol Club, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Method: A quantitative, explanatory, and pre-experimental study with pre-test and post-test was conducted on 30 football players aged 12 to 14. The Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) and the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) were used. The intervention lasted eight weeks, with two 60-minute sessions per week. Results: The total LSPT time decreased from 68.30 ± 6.62 to 61.20 ± 7.04 seconds; successful passes increased from 11.47 ± 1.85 to 13.10 ± 1.97, and errors decreased from 6.03 ± 2.06 to 4.83 ± 2.29. The KTK motor quotient increased from 101.1 ± 8.10 points to 92.9 ± 7.26 points. All differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001) with large effect sizes (|r| = 1.00). Discussion: The evolution of unilateral and bilateral balance and coordination exercises, spatiotemporal orientation, changes of direction, toward directed passes, rondos, conservation games, and opposition tasks, allowed for the articulation of motor control with the specific demands of football. Conclusions: The progressive structure of the model represents a methodological tool aimed at guiding technical-coordinative training in developing football players.