Gestational diabetes mellitus: a case-control study at a tertiary care centre in India

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance first recognized during pregnancy.it is one of the most common metabolic disorders complicating pregnancy. there is an increased burden of GDM and its significant consequences for maternal and child health. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with GDM among pregnant women at a tertiary care centre and determine their strength of association. Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted from March 2024 to October 2025.Cases included 92 antenatal women with plasma glucose levels above 140 mg/dl and controls were those with glucose levels below 140 mg/dl matched for age. Data was collected using predesigned, pre-structured questionnaires covering sociodemographic details, reproductive and obstetric history, any chronic diseases. then univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The Mean age among cases was 25.06±3.87 years and in controls was 24.8±3.81 years. Significant determinants in univariate analysis were education status, occupation of husband, age at marriage, gravidity, parity, past history of GDM, Pre-pregnancy BMI and history of abortion. In multivariate analysis, education of participant (OR: 1.509, 95% CI: 1.041-2.188), Duration of marriage (OR:2.539, 95% CI: 1.016-6.346), Pre-pregnancy BMI (OR: 3.180, 95% CI: 1.547-6.537), History of abortion (OR: 2.873, 95% CI: 1.401-5.894) Parity (OR: 3.320, 95% CI: 1.339-8.233) remained significant determinants. Conclusions: GDM is associated with adverse maternal as well as foetal complications. Early screening and targeted counselling for women with these risk factors can help in timely detection and management of GDM, thereby improving maternal and fetal outcomes.