Impact of Gut Microbiota on Neurodevelopment in the First 1000 Days

The first 1000 days of life, starting from conception up until the second birthday, are crucial for brain development. During this period, the brain undergoes significant structural and functional changes, and the infant’s gut microbiota begins to form. This review compiles recent studies on how various maternal factors, as well as prenatal and postnatal influences, can affect the early microbiota and its neurodevelopmental outcomes. Current research indicates that gut microbiota may play a role in neurodevelopment. This role is especially important during the first 1000 days. The gut microbiota of both mothers and infants are linked and may affect developmental outcomes. The existing evidence is limited due to small sample sizes and variations in research methodologies. To better understand the relationships and mechanisms involved, more standardized, long-term studies on larger samples are necessary.