Halal tourism revisit intention and subjective well being: the role of digital literacy, tourscape and halal tourism attributes

This study investigates the role of digital literacy, tourscape, and halal tourism attributes in shaping tourist satisfaction, halal information literacy self-efficacy, subjective well-being, and revisit intention within Indonesia’s halal tourism sector. A survey of 500 Indonesian Muslim tourists was conducted across West Sumatra’s top five destinations using purposive sampling and structured questionnaires. The findings confirm that digital literacy, tourscape, and halal tourism attributes significantly influence satisfaction, self-efficacy, and well-being, which subsequently drive revisit intention. Importantly, the study establishes that information halal literacy self-efficacy mediates the relationship between digital literacy and revisit intention, while satisfaction mediates the effects of both tourscape and halal tourism attributes on revisit intention. These mediating pathways highlight those psychological mechanisms—confidence in halal information and affective fulfillment—are essential in transforming structural and experiential attributes into loyalty outcomes. By applying the extended Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) framework, this research offers a novel integrative model that connects informational, psychological, and behavioral dimensions of tourist revisit intention and well-being, thereby advancing theoretical and practical insights into Muslim-friendly tourism management.