ПРОЄКТНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ШКОЛИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the problem of implementing project activity in the educational process of primary school. The latest publications on the problem are studied and a discussion of scientists on the analysis of such categories as "project activity", "project method", "interactive interaction", "project skills and abilities" is presented. The particularities of the functioning of project activity from a psychological and pedagogical perspective are determined. It is stated that the specified activity is implemented in the course of introducing the “project method” into the educational process, which is defined by scientists in different ways: as a specific practice of teachers' work aimed at forming a certain system of intellectual and practical skills in students; as a comprehensive teaching method; as a pedagogical technology; as a learning system. It is noted that the definition of the project method as a comprehensive teaching method is based on its vision as a set of methodological techniques of a exploratory nature aimed at achieving a certain educational goal. It is stated that in the course of project activity, the project skills of primary school teachers are developed, which include the following: to carry out prospective planning of strategic, tactical and operational tasks and methods of solution; to foresee possible options for solving a system of pedagogical tasks; to outline the results that need to be achieved in the course of performing a particular work; to set and to implement the goals of independent work. It is determined that forming project activity of younger schoolchildren proceeds in several stages: first they get acquainted with a new type of activity, realizing its content; then they master it in a partial format; finally, they independently develop educational projects. The prospects for further scientific explorations are identified as a research into practical ways of implementing the project activity of younger schoolchildren by using innovative digital tools.