Public Procurement Performance in the Digital Transformation Era: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review of Determinant Factors

This review synthesizes the internal and external determinants of PP performance reported in 2016–2026 and tests how consistent that evidence is. Following PRISMA 2020, a Scopus search returned 321 records, and 153 primary empirical studies met the inclusion criteria. Practitioner competence (14 of 14 studies), institutional capability (23 of 23), competition and supplier quality (19 of 21) and oversight against political interference (19 of 20) showed consistent associations with performance, and regulatory effects depended on context in 10 of 12 studies. Only 14 studies tested e-procurement against a performance outcome rather than adoption. Thirteen found positive links, mostly with transparency, integrity and cost efficiency, yet none measured timeliness, and the cost gains usually came alongside stronger competition or organizational reform. The review separates adoption evidence from outcome evidence and proposes a revised TOE model in which organizational and environmental conditions shape the cost effects of technology. For Indonesia, spending on digital procurement should go hand in hand with workforce professionalization, capacity-sensitive regulation and outcome-based oversight.